0000043115 00000 n The LTTE was finally defeated, at a huge civilian cost, in 2009. Yet, their governments seem to have not fully prioritized combating these challenges. Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses. -- Volume 32, Number 1, March 2017, Editorial Board Central Asian Society Drifts From Soviet Past, National Cultures Put on Display at Central Asian World Nomad Games, Central Asian Migration to Russia Brings Money, Social Problems. There is a fundamental difference between a context in which security forces are targeted (even with only rare success) and those in which no one is interested in attacking the state. 1. In the nearly three decades since their independence, the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russian influence. Though there are discrepancies between the MHA and SATP data, both show fatalities in the Northeast holding broadly steady in the first decade of the 2000s, then beginning a sharp drop from 2008 onward. Pew Research Center 0 {BViLNL7E/eEDaXJ|xPKLDeg bCbxiI5~|6QSkQl2*>UWJ:+LW##9\IMNj~R LkX And in their densely populated slums, diseases can spread quickly. In parts of Pakistan, nearly one-third of all primary schoolaged girls are not in school. The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. WebGet Access SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. State police forces have been built up in conflict areas, fueled in part by infusions of resources from the central government. ~o hc}0`SctnEKjkf|;5SLg0]{7{rRr^"z1asq1vp[WDG5)2?,=Ma;M),n^\e}H V A chart showing the projected populations of India and China over the next several decades, with India's population surpassing China's before 2030. To this end, the report offers two recommendations. -- Volume 25, Number 1, April 2010, Editorial Board Afghanistan is not producing national accounts statistics since August 2021, so they are excluded from the table. The three main river systems in South Asia are the Indus, the Ganges (or Ganga), and the Brahmaputra. 0000007388 00000 n Yet extrapolating confidently from this trend is dangerous: the politics of the region are too dynamic to assume continuity. 0000003220 00000 n During monsoon season, Dhaka and Mumbais streets flood regularly due to clogged drains and the cities low elevation. 63 0 obj <> endobj Secondly, policymakers can de-risk migration through several means including more flexible visa policies, mechanisms to support migrant workers during shocks, and social protection programs. Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more. A map showing the number of movies released from India's states and territories, each of which has its own primary language. -- Volume 28, Number 3, November 2013, Editorial Board Figure 5 shows trends in V-Dems Liberal Democracy index since 2000 (higher numbers indicate greater liberal democracy). India and Pakistan account for 86 percent of the regions total population and, along with Bangladesh, rank among the worlds ten largest countries by population. ?\xx~,~P$ 0elqglOAAp0E` > dmslu%eg0$GM[M'LF jM WebMost South Asian nations are cognizant of these problems, but have failed as yet to develop effective policies. But there are downsides too. -- Volume 31, Number 2, July 2016, Editorial Board While it has not disappeared and still has the potential for a major resurgence, there has been a dramatic fall from its high point of influence. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Anti-India armed groups are alleged to still operate on Pakistani soil, the Afghan Taliban has consistently used sanctuary along the Afghan border, and localized armed actors have worked with the state in counterinsurgency zones. For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. 06 July 2021 South Asia countries are among the most vulnerable globally to the impacts of climate change. The second factor in reducing insurgent violence has been Indias effective use of ceasefires, demobilization deals, and amnesties in the Northeast to peel off and demobilize insurgent factions. Note: (e)=estimate, (f)=forecast. Nevertheless, a heavy footprint and intensive counterinsurgency have been par for the course in Kashmir for decades. 4 These three sources are the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (https://acleddata.com/), the Pak Institute for Peace Studies series of Pakistan Security Reports (https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa), and the SATP (see above). 0000002992 00000 n Some may still follow through with their desires in secrecy, but live in a constant fear of being found out. 0000033263 00000 n Regions of the World, Return to A 16 year old boy prepares to marry a young girl in Indore, India, on May 15, 2002, despite a government ban on under-age nuptials. Karachis politics and political economy involved substantial lethal violence, as well as intimidation and threats. All of the active conflict zones remain potential areas of resurgence (for instance, the TTP has been trying to re-consolidate), but, compared to a decade ago, Pakistans security establishment has achieved a major shift in the balance of forces. get ideas into movement. Political Violence in South Asia: The Triumph of the State? Socio-economic Scenario of South Asia: An Overview of Impacts -- Volume 33, Number 3, November 2018, Editorial Board WebContemporary South Asia (1992), 1(1), 143-146 Commentary Challenges and opportunities for South Asia M. B. NAQVI The destruction of both communism and the Soviet state in what was the USSR has profoundly changed the geopolitical environment of South Asia. WebNature-Society relations provide the foundation for social, economic, political, and environmental problems. Non-state armed groups can bolster rather than undermine state power. -- Volume 24, Number 2, October 2009, Editorial Board Check your email for details on your request. In Sri Lanka, the period of victory over the LTTE and its aftermath saw autocratization under the rule of the Rajapaksa family, a trend that changed when a new government came to power in 2015. New forms of state and non-state coercion have become more politically prominent, especially localized mob and vigilante violence, which are often linked to, rather than aimed at, the state and ruling parties. 0000007939 00000 n There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. In operational term, the paper fleshes out the key analytical question as How have the social movements been subject to power and contestation in the south Asia?, State of Social Movements in South Asia: Critical Reflections and Implications, An annual anthology on global power and resistance. LA3\LWy6"8HWKdobDC yg1FhnuykT-@|WZFkjYoHK @zAI'niDfJ2;[AT%@96dw7fLl9=gR\}Q9Gpa~>i U>U$nV>?7 j=8IPnnQklNSc j3~MvL4@LU!MK'e9>6C-62.P'_.ANEH=` wX2 Another Muslim-majority country, Bangladesh, has had two womenSheikh Hasina, daughter of the countrys first president, and her political opponent Khaleda Zia, wife of another presidentalternate in the prime ministership for most of the last three decades. This has not been a seamless process, and there have been various forms of political violence and conflict since the end of the civil war, but the war has nevertheless decisively ended. While the true number of conflict-related fatalities is difficult to ascertain, all indications suggest a sustained and quite dramatic drop in conflict-related fatalities in the Northeast. WebThe problems of the South Asian region are different from those in the developed world. Terrorist attacks hit Bangladesh, including assassinations and coordinated bombings linked to the Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami Bangladesh and other factions. In another film, PK, an alien wanders around India confused by the countrys variousand seemingly incompatiblereligions. WebPeople and Society South Asia is densely populated and immensely diverse. Its massive fan base spans Africa, Central Asia, the Middle East, and even across the border in Pakistan. %PDF-1.4 % Without the support from Moscow that had kept their economies afloat for decades, these countries soon lost as much as 50 percent of their GDPs. WASHINGTON, October 6, 2022Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. A set of deals with local warlords and TTP splinters created partners for the security forces; rather than monopolizing violence, the security apparatus has used other non-state armed groups as tools of power projection and local control. Political violence is instead much more likely to emerge from clashes between political parties or, above all, from the state itself as the security apparatus is used to buttress Sheikh Hasinas rule. Immigrant Asians were slightly more likely than U.S.-born Asians to be homeowners in 2019 (60% vs. 56%). How has this transformation occurred? The movements have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. -- Volume 27, Number 1, April 2012, Editorial Board Its home to WebClimate change in South Asia is having significant impacts already which are expected to intensify as global temperatures rise due to climate change.The South Asia region consists of the eight countries Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, the Maldives and Sri Lanka.In the 2017 edition of Germanwatch's Climate Risk Index, Bangladesh and However, in South Asian families individuals can also feel pressure to sacrifice their personal desires for the expectations of their family. Titles, abstracts, full-text screening, and extraction of data The security establishment, which had a tumultuous relationship with the MQM for decades, launched a crackdown in 2013 that has badly degraded the party, opening space for electoral competitors and reducing electoral violence. South Asia: supporting gender equality and social Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan have three of the worlds four largest Muslim populations. Pakistans Benazir Bhutto became the first woman to lead a Muslim-majority democratic country, serving as prime minister from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. Click to reveal 0(z5&owdB\ztmz}fCKm'4 /gpYu&1;O+aF(|i%X At the same time, violence in Karachi, insurgency in Balochistan, and sectarian militia activities added further layers of violence to Pakistans political landscape. Other film industries include Tollywood for Telugu-language films and Sandalwood for Kannada-language films. Finally, Bangladesh has become a de facto competitive authoritarian regime in which the ruling Awami League established a dominant position. Figure 4 draws on three datasets on political violence in Pakistan over time.4 While they examine somewhat different definitions of violence, and all of the crucial caveats about data quality outlined above for India hold for Pakistan as well, the basic trend of sharply decreasing fatalities in political violence over the last decade is consistent across them. This report intends to capture the current state of play of the global water justice movement in order to strengthen struggles for public and community water systems. Consequently, many young South Asians keep their relationships hidden due to internalized shame and a fear of being rejected by their families. xref 0000000016 00000 n Pursuing goals that diverge from the expectations of the family and community is perceived to be selfish. Deaths from Diarrheal Diseases. The last two decades have seen both a dramatic decrease in insurgency-related violence and a noticeable growth in state coercive power. SOJOURN is published twice a year, in April and October. Annika and Nehal from the That Desi Spark podcast formerly known as The Woke Desi say they began their India makes more than 1,500 movies a yearalmost triple the number Hollywood producesand the cultural significance of these films cannot be understated. This leads to heightened levels of psychological stress and interference with the identity formation process, especially when a person feels a stronger connection to the dominant western culture. On average, people are living over twenty years longer compared to half a century ago. As the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russia, they have looked to their own past to forge, or reassert, post-Soviet national identities. Dragons and Tigers is the only textbook that covers all three regions South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia in one textbook. Third, the international environment has changed in the last fifteen years. Such non-state violence is often not waged against the state or political system, but instead is used as a bloody tool of social control and political maneuvering. South Asians in Canada have reported some of the highest mental health issues this year. Empirical and theoretical research articles are published with a view to promoting and disseminating scholarship in and on the region. South Asia Here are seven challenges the bloc faces in promoting sustainable economic growth, and suggested steps to solve them. The Baloch revolt is likely to endure, as the security establishment has not created a self-sustaining pro-state political order, but it does not currently pose a severe threat to state power. Instead, mob violence has become a more persistent concern than rebellion. Areas of special concern are ethnicity, religion, urbanization, migration, and development. For many youth, entering into a relationship prior to marriage is discouraged. Yet by 2020, the state is ascendant in South Asia. Surrounding the Ocean: PRC Influence in the Indian Ocean, Africa Matters to the World Banks Global Role and Heres How, How Indonesia Used Chinese Industrial Investments to Turn Nickel into the New Gold, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, not created a self-sustaining pro-state political order, enduring political power and serious limits on rights, partial democracies marked by factionalism, https://www.mha.gov.in/documents/annual-reports, https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/north-east-division, https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa. These changes are neither universal nor irreversible: important conflicts persist and continue to exact a severe human cost. 0000005744 00000 n Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Issues like water scarcity, poverty, food insecurity, resource depletion, climate change, environmental degradation, inadequacy of health services, and so forth directly affect millions of South Asians. Across India, fans have built temples in honor of their most beloved stars. -- Volume 33, Number 2, July 2018, Editorial Board India is so large and diverse that it seems to be more a continent than a country. South Asian Americans As Nepals government went through extraordinary tumult in the early 2000s, the Maoists expanded their reach and fought the state to a standstill. Labor mobility across and within countries enables economic development by allowing people to move to locations where they are more productive. India has also improved cooperation with the military in Myanmar, aiming to limit cross-border movements. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA-FR. Geopolitical stability and regional relationships Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. -- Volume 36, Number 2, July 2021, Editorial Board During this time, the regions economies have also developed rapidly, lifting hundreds of millions of South Asians out of poverty and making it possible for them to live longer and healthier lives. These approaches to therapy are difficult to translate across language and cultures without appropriate modification. India is home to one billion Hindus, as well as most of the worlds Sikhs, Jains, Zoroastrians, and Bahais. Poverty rates among U.S.-born and foreign-born Asians were 9% and 11%, respectively, that year. By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. The Assam Rifles (AR), a specialized force in the Northeast, has grown much more modestly but still expanded. Its constitution recognizes twenty-two languages, and its population is bigger than Africas. Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. Yet violence appears to have declined, with the caveat that security force operations are opaque. Survey data from the report suggests that in late 2021 and early 2022, migration flows are associated with movement from areas hit hard by the pandemic to those that were not, thus helping equilibrate demand and supply of labor in the aftermath of the COVID-19 shock. South Asia consists of a remarkably diverse religious landscape. Unlike in the other countries examined here, large-scale anti-state insurgency has not been a major feature of Bangladeshs politics in the last two decades; a 1997 peace deal with the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, a political party formed to represent the Indigenous peoples in the eastern Chittagong Hill Tracts, marked the end of a classical insurgency. In a number of cases, a self-sustaining, pro-state political order remains distant, and the security apparatus is instead needed to deter or contain resistance. It is based on conversations that took place at the Our Future is Public conferencein Santiago, Chile, in 2022, and is part of the movements critical response to- and reflections on the UN 2023 WaterConference. The same is true of the internal security buildup, both in terms of funding and MHA force sizes, as well as the policies toward both the Northeast and Naxalite-influenced areas. Firstly, cutting the costs migrants face should be high on the policy agenda. Pandemics, sudden swings in global liquidity and commodity prices, and extreme weather disasters were once tail-end risks. Several factors have worked to reduce insurgent violence against the Indian state. While the Pakistani military is currently riding high politically, its track record over time has included miscalculation and counterproductive policies (for instance, repressing unarmed political movements while tolerating Islamist armed groups that later grew out of control). For instance, Nepals peace process is a model of civil war termination through a political settlement, while the Sri Lanka governments destruction of the LTTE left a trail of dead and displaced civilians. Bangladesh brought down cases of cholera and diarrheal disease by 95 percent between 2003 and 2013 by promoting good hygiene through handwashing public awareness campaigns and the construction of millions of toilets and latrines. WebThe paper discusses social consequences of drug abuse in the South Asian region, covering social issues with respect to family, society, gender, young people, work, crime, violence, and cost. Three states have populations of over one hundred million people. HMk1+tLDiB;;lbCKrVb5;zL3W=~,PA+h~={|7bem]}274(gHR/f5>0DT|[iJ)%EkllWF4o6#2mKTk5Wu#kN8I*bP"P3/@G (cP intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society, fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, Click here to listen to Dont Call Me Resilient, Lecturer in Environmental Art - School of Art and Design. [The population and economic problems of South Asia] - PubMed What are the main social problems in South Asia? Despite the history of female leadership in the region, many women in South Asia face significant challenges throughout their entire lives. The Communist Party of NepalMaoist (CPN-M) launched a revolutionary insurgency in 1996, seeking to overthrow the government and create a communist state in Nepal. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. Fears of Pakistans collapse and rise of a revolutionary Islamist project drove international efforts to bolster state counterinsurgency capacity. This is not a simple story of state capacity, however: coercive power has been deployed in selective ways, including cases in which a state ignores or cooperates with non-state armed groups, from militias to vigilantes. problems Bangladesh provided support for insurgents in the past, but the Awami League government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been fairly friendly to India. issues 0000006899 00000 n Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka became the worlds first female prime minister in 1960; her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, also became both prime minister and president. Rather, it is exposing in a single word the reason why overcoming systemic violence based on gender is so difficult. 0000003635 00000 n The poverty rate among immigrant Asian minors those under the age of 18 was slightly higher, at 16%. As an admittedly crude proxy, however, overall conflict-related fatalities data leaves little doubt about broad trends. Previously, when all five Central Asian countriesKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanbelonged to the former Soviet Union, Moscow ensured that Russian language and literature were taught in schools and that Russian dominated all forms of media, despite these former Soviet republics each having their own native language. -- Volume 32, Number 2, July 2017, Editorial Board Familiar landmarks created by the cold war have not The gap between promise and reality is widest in this region. There are various currents of social movements, today, across the region, which have become strengthened and highly vocal over last three decades. Governments have established greater control of previously contested territories, deployed new technologies of surveillance, and, in some cases, fused party rule with state coercive power. Pakistan is reported at factor cost. The discussion has implications for developing treatment and It rings true in south Asian countries where the society is rapidly changing with a complex set of State-society relationship. Despite this heterogeneity, several possible sources of recurring insurgency can be identified, even in an era of increased state power. SOJOURN is published thrice a year, in March, July and November. -- Volume 23, Number 1, April 2008, Editorial Board The main reason is the general scarcity of two critical resources essential to the development and implementation of such policies: capital and technology. As a PhD candidate in clinical neuropsychology at the University of Windsor, some of my current research involves adapting cognitive assessment methods to people who speak Urdu or Hindi. -- Volume 31, Number 1, March 2016, Editorial Board WebMost Indians do not identify as South Asian, raising concerns for the viability of it as a classification. It is seen that modernization, democratization, political ideologies and emergence of mass societies threatened the personal and collective identities and the advancement in information systems have sustained peoples struggles against the dominant world view of the State and elites. endstream endobj 79 0 obj <>stream wL/O0jG&rR>w y]YO_W! ;Kw6A?KFkdfA&A67iug!~W\?mnbydk1KS1YQzsL0]|m India, once the exceptional case of liberal democracy in the region, has seen its rating drop in recent years, echoing a decrease in Freedom Houses assessment.
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